Lighting techniques and sound

Lighting

-Natural- bright,clear, sunny or more dull sunlight, other things such as snow, clouds, storms and artificial light (from things like cars or street lamps). Generally natural world and not influenced by directors. Weather can connote different feelings and emotions , storms invoke chaos or fear, sunny days can invoke happiness, rain could invoke sadness

-Artificial light- light created by directors could be things such as Lamps, candles, chandelier generally can be used more effectively by director to invoke meaning

-light can be used for a variety of things such as drawing attention to an object, it can create contrasts, it can bring out the texture of things such as decor, cloths ect,

-High Key lighting- lighting that is harder, more bright, lightly lit, little shadow, more bright colours

-low key- where lighting is more towards the greyer and darker scale, good deal of shadow, darker colours, more soft lighting

-Chiaroscuro- Light and shade in drawing and painting, mix of high and low key lighting. Used to create contrasts

-Hard light- clearly illuminates areas so adds more detail, look is sharper and more refined

-soft light- covers wider area and shows object less clearly. Looks weaker and less refined

Three points of lighting

Key lights:

-Main light

-strongest

-provides hard light

-think something similar to spotlights

-put on right of subject

fill light:

-Secondary light

- softer than key light

-used to provide things with detail

- put on left of subject

Back light:

-placed behind subject

-subtle

-helps separate the subject

Sound

Rhythm- Beat, pulse, base, tempo e.g. Shark in Jaws theme gets closer as tempo fastens. Could apply not only to music but also applies to speech (speeches) and sound affects

(gunfire). Change of rhythm could be used to divert audience expectations

Fidelity- The expectations of sound to the source we see it. E.g. gun being fired equals sound of gunshot. Can be played with to divert expectations

parallel sound- sound you expect to hear e.g fast paced suspenseful music in horror movies (Halloween theme)

Contrapuntal sound- Sound we don't expect to hear which contrasts expectation. Happy song playing in horrific moment

synchronous- things we hear as we see it e.g. words being said by character in normal dialogue

Asynchronous- Things we hear that we don't hear as we see them e.g. Voice-over narration

diegetic- Things that the characters can hear

non-diegetic- Things that the characters can't hear

(It should be noted that there can be exceptions where something is both of the above)

Volume- Can be changed to make things more effective. (High Volume)